Infections of Two Isthmiophora Species (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Wild Mammals from Republic of Korea with Their Morphological Descriptions

Isthmiophora hortensis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is a dominant echinostome in animal reservoir hosts and humans in the Republic of Korea (Korea). We intended to investigate the infection status with this echinostome species in the several species of wild animals and describe the morphological characteristics in the faunistic view point. A total of 175 animal carcasses belonging to 3 families, i.e., Canidae, Felidae and Mustelidae, were collected from the southern regions of Korea from March 2010 to July 2017. Isthmiophora spp. worms were recovered from the small intestines of each animal under a stereomicroscope after washing of intestinal contents. Isthmiophora hortensis was recovered from 4 species of wild carnivores, i.e., Nyctereutes procyonoides (3/107: 2.8%), Mustela sibirica (11/31: 35.5%), Meles lucurus (2/3: 33.3%) and Martes flavigula (1/2: 50%). The other 3 carnivores comprising stray dogs, cat and leopard cat were negative for I. hortensis infection (0/2, 0/10 and 0/12, respectively). Specimens obtained from the Lutra lutra (6/8: 75%) were identified as a distinct species, I. inermis, by morphological comparison. Isthmiophora inermis has thinner body, elongate testes and different anterior limits of vitelline fields. Detailed morphological descriptions and comparisons with the morphological characteristics are provided. Conclusively, it was confirmed for the first time that 3 species of mustelid mammals, i.e., M. sibirica, M. lucurus, and M. flavigula, are to be the new definitive hosts of I. hortensis in Korea. Additionally, I. inermis is to be newly added in the Korean echinostome fauna.

Ocorrência de Dioctophyma renale em Galictis cuja / Occurrence of Dioctophyma renale in Galictis cuja

A dioctofimose é uma parasitose causada pelo Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) de ocorrência mundial e acomete animais domésticos e silvestres. Em março de 2010, um exemplar adulto (macho) de Galictis cuja (Molina, 1782), encontrado morto por atropelamento no município de Guaíra, Paraná foi encaminhado ao laboratório de Patologia Veterinária de Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Campus Palotina, para a realização da necropsia. O cadáver apresentava bom estado nutricional e autólise moderada. Foram observados três exemplares de parasitos na cavidade abdominal, mas os rins encontravam-se preservados. Os parasitos foram fixados em formol acético e encaminhados ao laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária da UFPR para identificação. Os exemplares coletados foram identificados como Dioctophyma renale, sendo duas fêmeas, uma com 39cm de comprimento por 4mm de largura e a outra com 16cm de comprimento por 4mm de largura e, um macho com 16cm de comprimento por 3mm de largura. O presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de parasitismo por D. renale em G. cuja na região oeste do estado do Paraná.

Dioctophymosis is a parasitic disease caused by Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) with a worldwide occurrence and affects domestic animals as well as wildlife. In March 2010, a ferret adult male, Galictis cuja (Molina, 1782), found dead by trampling in the county of Guaíra, state of Paraná, Brazil, was necropsied in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory at Campus Palotina, Federal University of Paraná. The animal was in good nutritional condition and moderate autolysis. Three specimens of parasites were found in the abdominal cavity, but the kidneys were preserved. The parasites were fixed in acetic formaldehyde and sent to the Veterinary Laboratory of Parasitology, Campus Palotina, for identification. The parasites were identified as Dioctophyma renale, two females, one a 39cm long and 4mm wide and the other 16cm long and 4mm wide, and a male 16cm long and 3mm wide. This paper reports D. renale parasitism in G. cuja in the western of Paraná state, Brazil.

Etograma do Eira barbara (Carnivora: Mustelidae) em cativeiro / Ethogram of Eira barbara in captivity

Neste trabalho foi elaborado um etograma e analisados os efeitos qualitativos e quantitativos das diferenças de gênero de um casal de Eira barbara (Carnivora: Mustelidae) em cativeiro. Os dados foram coletados no Zoológico do Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE, no período de abril a outubro de 2005. Para o etograma, utilizou-se o método Ad Libitum, no horário das 07:00h às 17:00h. Em seguida foram realizadas observações sistemáticas através de Varredura Instantânea para a distribuição do comportamento em um total de 100h. Foram obtidas então 58 condutas comportamentais agrupadas em duas categorias: Individual, com 40 diferentes comportamentos divididos em oito subcategorias; e Social, com 18 comportamentos divididos em três subcategorias. Deste total os comportamentos ‘tentar cópula’, ‘carregar o outro’, ‘agarrar’, ‘vocalizar’ e ‘urinar sobre’ foram exclusivos ou preferencialmente exibidos pelo macho; e ‘ser carregado’, ‘tentar pegar’, ‘esfregar genitália’, ‘molhar-se’, ‘brincar’, ‘caçar’ e ‘carregar comedouro’ e “rosnar” pela fêmea

An ethogram was described and the qualitative and quantitative effects of gender differentiation was analyzed for a male and female Eira barbara (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in captivity. The study was carried out at the Dois Irmãos Zoological Park in Recife, PE Brazil, from April to October, 2005. Observations were made from 07:00h to 17:00h. An ad libitum method was followed for ethogram building, and instantaneous scan sampling for systematic observations (total of 100h observation time). Behavioral categories were grouped into two divisions, individual (40 categories), separated into seven subdivisions; and social (18 categories) separated into two subcategories. Behavior patterns that were exclusively or preferentially exhibited by the male included: attempting to copulate, carrying, grasping, vocalizing, and urinating on; the female’s main behavior categories included: to be carried, attempting to grasp, genital scent marking, getting wet, playing, hunting, carrying the feeding bowl and growling.